Even in a sub-analysis of IPRESERVE study (Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction); although patients with a low NTproBNP had less atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia and better renal function, their health status was similarly impaired with patients with higher NT-proBNP levels [58]. Here, NPPB is linked to anemia (phenotype).