After adjustment for covariates, including age, sex, BMI, NYHA functional class, medical history of hypertension and diabetes, ST-T changes, moderate to severe MR, and Ln(NT-proBNP), the increased risk of MACEs (first 5 years) in DCM with the LV hypertrabeculation phenotype was even more pronounced (adjusted HR [95%CI]: 1.83 [1.21–2.77]) (Table S2). Here, NPPB is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.