In view of the direct or indirect roles of SL Na+-K+ ATPase, Na+-Ca2+ exchange, Ca2+-uptake, Ca2+-stimulated ATPase and Ca2+-channel activities in Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ removal from cardiomyocytes, alterations in these SL activities in the diabetic heart are considered to account for the occurrence of intracellular Ca2+ overload, metabolic defects and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy [18,19]. Here, CA2 is linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy.