AHR and infection: In conclusion, our results shed new light on the potential role of AhR in COVID-19 by virtue of its promiscuity of ligands and activities, and specifically put forward the hypothesis that microbial compounds, such as 3-IAld, owing to their multiplicity of activities and favorable safety profile [13], may be used as prophylactic agents in the protection against viral colonization and infection, and subsequent fungal superinfection.