VEGFA and neoplasm: The TME is composed of cellular and noncellular constituents, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as the extracellular matrix (ECM); ECM remodeling enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF); and the tumor stroma, respectively [5].