Examples include the requirement of the central confirmation of PD-L1 testing in NSCLC, the confirmation of genomic biomarkers for targeted therapy trials in oncogene-addicted NSCLC, confirmation of HER-2 IHC in breast cancer, etc. When local accredited laboratories perform these tests, mandating central confirmation can only delay and restrict access, without a clear benefit. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.