APEX2 and Familial prostate cancer: In our findings, the APEX2 protein was found to be reduced in the serum extracellular vesicles of bitches in GII compared to the control group, different from the results found in the meta-analysis conducted by Jensen, Shi, and Yan [134], who identified a higher abundance of this protein in human tumor tissue compared to non-malignant tissue in kidney, breast, lung, liver, and uterus cancers, but not in prostate cancer.