TGFB1 and cancer: In cells from one of the main types of cancer in dogs, osteosarcoma, proteins associated with immunomodulation, such as α-feto protein, TGFβ, HSP90, and HSP70, were upregulated in neoplastic lineages when compared to non-neoplastic lineages, and TGF-β was found only in exosomes from neoplastic lineages [18].