NUCB2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In the hypothalamus of obese animals, it was observed that the anti-obesity effect was achieved by nesfatin-1 mediating ERK-dependent sympathetic excitation [102], and in vitro study showed that nesfatin-1, via its receptor, induces CREB phosphorylation, thereby activating an intracellular signaling cascade in neurons [103].