This work also provides evidence that intranasal administration of insulin to rats exposed to brain ischemia and reperfusion causes significant activation of protein kinase B (Akt-kinase) (Figure 5, Table 5), which is able to contribute to the inhibition of autophagic processes due to activation of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) [57]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is brain ischemia.