The current study addressed the question of whether HSV-1-derived miRNAs are detectable in CSF-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs, including exosomes) of patients with neuroinflammation (AF, SZ, other neuroinflammatory diseases) and brain hemorrhage (SAH patients) and whether host-derived inflammatory miRNA species, the chemokine IL-8, and the neuronal damage marker NfL were linked to HSV-1 latency or active replication. Here, CXCL8 is linked to atrial fibrillation.