TNF and Alzheimer disease: This study investigated the effects of DPEO on the expression levels of AD-related proteins (T-Tau, P-Tau, GSK-3β, Aβ1–42, COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in neuronal cells using an in vitro AD cell model (Aβ1–42-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells).