In this study, the results obtained from assays of antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity revealed that the high-dosage administration of P. alkekengi polysaccharides to the HF group significantly increased the CAT and SOD activities and T-AOC values in both the livers and pancreases of T2DM mice (p < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.