GIP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The new anti-obesity drugs, semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and tirzepatide, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy for weight loss and hold great promise as anti-obesity treatments to alleviate metabolic dysfunction (Venniyoor, 2022; Wilding et al., 2021).