Lupus nephritis occurs in nearly 50% of patients with SLE and has a strong correlation with HTN, though HTN may develop independently of lupus nephritis.73 Additionally, renal vasoconstriction and ischemia-induced activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) are important factors in development of HTN in vasculitis affecting renal arteries and in scleroderma renal crisis. Here, REN is linked to hypertensive disorder.