The circulating concentration of osteocalcin, a biomarker of osteoblast number and function, was 30% lower in participants with T1D (control 27.2 ± 12.6 vs T1D 19.1 ± 10.4 ng/mL, P = .057) (Fig.1A). This evidence concerns the gene BGLAP and type 1 diabetes mellitus.