Given the cold immune subtype of prostate tumor, Kaplan Meier analysis in our study revealed shortened PFS correlation with high baseline sPD-L1 values in PCa, as in many other tumors characterized by non-immunologically cold TME such as HCC (45), gastric cancer (46, 47), breast cancer (BC) (48) glioma (41) and several NSCLC studies (14, 49, 50). Here, SPDL1 is linked to central nervous system cancer.