Indeed, on one hand plasma NGAL has been associated with uACR (130) and had modest ability to predict renal function decline and AKI in older women (109); in selected older individuals with type I diabetes, plasma NGAL levels were associated with increased risk of DKD over a 12-year follow-up (130); similarly, plasma NGAL has been associated with eGFR changes in patients with early stage CKD (115); furthermore, in a large cohort of 1982 older adults with moderate-severe CKD, both plasma NGAL and Kim-1 predicted the incidence of ESKD, as well as all-cause mortality (111). Here, LCN2 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.