Baseline IL-6 and TNF-α levels have recently been associated with longitudinal risk of eGFR decline or CKD progression in 3430 patients with baseline eGFR reduction (151); studies investigating the relationship between biomarker levels and all-cause/CV mortality are more numerous; most of them showed that both serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were able to predict all-cause and CV mortality in older adults with and without CKD (164, 167). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic kidney disease.