This association was also confirmed in longitudinal analyses; indeed, in a prospective study conducted by Sjöberg et al. (156), serum PTX3 levels were associated with 5-year incidence of CKD in two distinct cohorts of community-dwelling older patients; furthermore, when measured in a small sample of 78 patients with stage 5 CKD, serum PTX3 levels predicted all-cause and CV mortality, and significantly improved the cardiovascular risk stratification compared with classical CV risk factors (161). Here, PTX3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.