Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) are another two potential mediators of inflammatory response in CKD (175) and may both contribute to renal function decline (122, 172, 176) in CKD; IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 superfamily, and mediates infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into the renal parenchyma in response to acute tubular injury (177). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is chronic kidney disease.