IFN is divided into type I (IFNα and IFNβ) and type II (IFNγ), of which type II is mainly secreted by immune cells: T-helper (Th) 1 cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), etc. Expression of IFN in OVs can effectively induce tumor cell death through modulation of various pathways (22). Here, IFNA1 is linked to neoplasm.