The best in vivo anti-tumor effect of HA-Lip-ICT can be attributed to both the passive targeting mediated by the EPR effect and the active targeting facilitated by the interaction between HA and CD44, as well as the accelerated release of ICT caused by the faint acidic tumor microenvironment (Song et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2020b). This evidence concerns the gene CD44 and neoplasm.