HAMP and inflammatory bowel disease: Moreover, investigations using murine models of IBD have pointed out that gut inflammation and bone morphogenetic proteins enhance expression of hepcidin and that the use of pharmacological agents that target bone morphogenetic proteins, for example, agents that prevent the binding of these molecules to their receptors, suppress signal transduction, or act as antibodies against these molecules, results in improved iron availability and decreased hepcidin levels (Wang et al., 2012).