After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors—including age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, family history of CAD, and C-reactive protein level—no significant differences were observed in the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for the presence of any coronary plaque, calcified plaque, mixed plaque, or obstructive CAD between former smokers and never smokers. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is diabetes mellitus.