Besides the stimulation mediated by Kupffer cells, PCC-derived exosomes containing CD44v6 and complement C1q binding protein (C1QBP) complex contributed to the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT pathway and α-SMA expression in hepatic stellate cells directly, which enhanced liver fibrosis and liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer [77]. This evidence concerns the gene C1QBP and familial pancreatic carcinoma.