The included hormones regulated by the pituitary-adrenal axis (i.e., adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], aldosterone and cortisol) and related diseases (e.g., Cushing’s syndrome and hyperaldosteronism) had no significant causal relationships with the risk of developing DVT, PE, or VTE (Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene POMC and Cushing syndrome.