PDCD1 and neoplasm: In our study, patients with high PD1+ and Tim3+ levels in Vδ2+ T cells were more likely to benefit from PD1 treatment, while recent studies have shown that butyrophilin-like protein (BTN) plays a key role in the activation of Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells and the recognition of tumor cells (Du et al. 2022; Lee et al. 2022; Hu et al. 2023).