Additionally, as one of the most abundant chemokines in the TME, CXCL1 was found to promote the immune escape and chemoresistance of breast cancer through multiple mechanisms, including activating autophagy, promoting the self‐renewal property of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and inducing immunosuppressive cell infiltration and PMN formation (Li et al., 2021). Here, CXCL1 is linked to breast cancer.