TNF and tuberculosis: Moreover, based on KEGG pathway analysis of the identified DE mRNAs/genes, 71 signaling pathways were identified, of which the NOD-like receptor, B cell receptor, TNF, NF-kappa B, IL-17, Toll-like receptor, chemokine, T cell receptor signaling pathways, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, tuberculosis, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and intestinal immune network for IgA production were the most significant pathways associated with MAP infection (Figure 3, Supplementary Table S7).