Notably, Pin1 overexpressionis not limited to HCC and is commonlydetected in several other cancers and cancer-associated cell types,including breast cancer and pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells andcancer-associated fibroblasts.20,22,57 Our study demonstrated that AMPNs are also effective at increasingthe response rate to anti-PD-1 therapy in a mouse model of breastcancer. This evidence concerns the gene PIN1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.