Insulin resistance (IR), a pathophysiological process characterized by impaired signal transduction and biological actions in response to insulin stimulation, impaired insulin sensitivity of target tissues or organs, and hyperinsulinaemia, plays important roles in the initiation and progression of CVDs.2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Although the hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp has been considered the gold standard for assessing IR, it is too expensive and complex to be widely applied in the clinic.7 Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.