HMCN1 and age-related macular degeneration: In previous studies, hemicentin-1 has been consistently found to be abnormal in several diseases, including Sjogren syndrome (Sisto et al., 2009), age-related macular degeneration (Schultz et al., 2003; McKay et al., 2004; Thompson et al., 2007; Pras et al., 2015; Srivastava and Tiwari, 2016), myocardial remodeling and ventricular noncompaction (Chowdhury et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2018), diabetic nephropathy (Kim et al., 2010; Toffoli et al., 2018) and insulinoma (Naba, et al., 2017).