Western blotting results indicated higher cGAS-STING protein expression levels in the PD + T2DM mouse model compared to the PD and T2DM groups (Figure 5A–C),with the mRNA level results showing the highest expression of cGAS-STING in the PD + T2DM group (Figure 5D–E). Here, CGAS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.