Elevated levels of Th1-related cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) have been observed in the saliva of SS patients compared to those with normal SG function (52, 53), suggesting that increased lymphocyte infiltration is associated with an upregulation of Th1 cytokines. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and synovial sarcoma.