For ESCC patients without PD-L1 expression (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.62-0.74), those with PD-L1 expression ≥1% (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.54-0.69), and those with PD-L1 expression ≥10% (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.60-0.69), the combination therapy yielded significant OS benefits. Here, CD274 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.