TYR and melanoma: Kaempferide, a weak inhibitor of tyrosinase, inhibited melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated B16 melanoma 4A5 cells (Matsuda et al., 2009), whereas other studies showed that kaempferide dose-dependently enhanced melanin production in both B16F10 cells and C57BL/6 mice (Wang et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2018).