ATXN1 and neurodegenerative disease: Chen D. et al. (2022) also found that miR-504-3p was differentially upregulated in hTau mice. We found that miR-504-3p can target the ATXN1 gene, which has been extensively studied in NDs (Kerkhof et al., 2023). Statistical analysis of relative expression results shows that ATXN1 gene expression was significantly downregulated (p < 0.01) in Q74 (Figure 4B). It is well-known that the loss of ATXN1 results in transcriptional changes that are potentially pathogenic in neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat (Hu and Corey, 2020).