GAP43 protein is mainly expressed in the brain as a growth-associated protein to assist filopodial extension and branching of neurons32 and GAP43 expression can be modulated by diabetes.33 Researchers have shown that GAP43 might be a marker of incipient DB neuropathy.34 This study highlights GAP43 as a potential molecular marker of DB ECs, which is mainly known for its role in nerve regeneration and plasticity, and its modulated expression by diabetes suggests a role in the development and progression of diabetes-related complications. This evidence concerns the gene GAP43 and diabetes mellitus.