TLR3 and herpes simplex encephalitis: After infection with HSV-1 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001, as in hSPC-derived cortical neurons with complete TLR3 deficiency (TLR3−/−) from a previously reported HSE patient24, viral replication rates in TMEFF1-KO neurons at various time points were higher than those in neurons differentiated from parental WT hPSCs and hPSCs from another healthy control (Fig. 3d).