Interestingly, the transient overexpression of WT TMEFF1 substantially decreased HSV-1 translocation to the nucleus in both cell types, with or without IFNAR1 knockout, as shown by the lower density of HSV-1–RFP (red fluorescent protein) in the nuclei of cells with detectable TMEFF1 overexpression at the cell membrane 10 h after infection (Extended Data Fig. 5a,b). This evidence concerns the gene TMEFF1 and infection.