Implementation of existing point-of-care Determine TB LAM antigen assay (Determine TB LAM; Abbott) and CrAg lateral flow assay (CrAg LFA; Immy, Inc), and cotrimoxazole initiation, to reduce AHD-related mortality thus depends to a large extent on CD4 testing [9, 10]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4a.