CD8A and influenza: Mechanistically, butyrate mediated metabolic rewiring of activated CD8+ T cells and facilitated sustained glutamine utilization and fatty acid oxidation.109 HFD-derived butyrate has been shown to enhance the CD8+ T cell response to influenza infection via the GPR41 receptor and altered cellular metabolism.110 SCFAs could also directly induce IFN-γ expression in CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and CD8+IL-17+ T cells (Tc17) by inhibiting HDAC activity, similar to their effect on CD4+ T cells.111 Recent studies suggest a strong link between the microbiome and antitumor therapy.