The lower CPO group had significantly higher BSA, a higher percentage of males and smokers, higher cases of haemodialysis and atrial fibrillation (AF), higher prescription rate of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) levels. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and atrial fibrillation.