In a study on obesity-associated lymphedema, exposure of LECs to FFAs was treated with agents targeting intracellular signaling pathways, including PTEN inhibitor (PTENi) inhibiting the conversion of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), recombinant VEGF-C, and insulin indirectly activating PIP3. This evidence concerns the gene INS and lymphedema.