A transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signal inhibitor attenuated IGFBP7-induced expression of fibronectin and α-SMA, but did not affect IGFBP7’s stimulation of cell growth and migration, suggesting TGF-β dependent and independent mechanisms for IGFBP7-driven CAF activation, which is known to contribute to tumor progression (Komiya et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP7 and neoplasm.