For example, IGFBP7 was previously reported to act as an oncogene in some cancers (Jiang et al., 2008; Rupp et al., 2015; Li D. et al., 2023; Hong et al., 2023), but also exhibited tumor-suppressing properties in others (Kato, 2000; Chen R. Y. et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2015; Tomimaru et al., 2012; Li et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019). Here, IGFBP7 is linked to neoplasm.