CD40 and systemic lupus erythematosus: It was previously reported that a signal led by rs1883832[T] in the 5’ untranslated region of CD40 increases the expression of CD27 on memory B cell subsets, which overlaps with increased risk of various autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and SLE (24).