CypD’s role in modulating the mPTP is highly relevant in the pathogenesis of a variety of conditions, including metabolic disorders such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progression to MASH (formerly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NASH and eventual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, PPIF is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.