More recently, VGSCs have been found to be expressed in several human carcinomas (Angus and Ruben, 2019) and the evidence suggests that the predominant subtypes expressed in human carcinoma tissues are NaV1.5 and NaV1.7 (Djamgoz et al., 2019; Horne et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene SCN5A and carcinoma.