TNF and Erythema: The JAK/STAT pathway intricately participates in the orchestration of inflammatory responses, and this signaling pathway upregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, encompassing TNF-α, ILs such as IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), which can cause facial flushing, erythema, and pruritus (27–31).