In the MVMR analyses, both CD3 on activated CD4 regulatory T cell (MV-IVW OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98, p = 0.002) and CD25++ CD8+ T cell % CD8+ T cell (MV-IVW OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13, p = 0.029) demonstrated evidence of a causal association with TMDs even after adjusting for RA (Supplementary Table 7). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and rheumatoid arthritis.