ER-alpha and ER-beta distribution in postmortem human brain (Österlund et al., 2000; Osterlund and Hurd, 2001)ER-alpha is downregulated in the hippocampus in postmortem women with AD (Hu et al., 2003; Ishunina et al., 2007), but upregulated across the menopause transition (Ishunina et al., 2007)Reviews of estrogen signaling during the menopause transition (Brinton et al., 2015), in cholinergic (Newhouse and Dumas, 2015), glutamatergic, GABA-ergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic pathways (Barth et al., 2015). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.