Using Chi-square test, we identified 119 genes (P < 0.05) with variable CNVs in BAA HNSCC compared with White HNSCC (Fig. 3D), and these genes include AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, IL17A, IL17F and SALL3 (Fig. 3D-E). Here, SALL3 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.