Notably, our study on protein kinase profiling showed that GSTM1 knockdown significantly suppressed HSP27 phosphorylation and β-catenin protein levels in JHU029 cells but not in HN12 and SCC9 cells, suggesting that GSTM1 maybe contribute to HNSCC development and progression in BAAs by driving different protein kinase-mediated signaling pathways compared to White HNSCC. Here, GSTM1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.