SII, secreted by lymphocytes and central granulocytes, leads to NAFLD through the release of inflammatory factors such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), Interleukin 2(IL-2), Interleukin 2 (IL-6), Interleukin 1 (IL-1), etc. [39–41]. Here, IL1B is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.