In general, the MARTX toxins secreted by V. cholerae strains deliver RID together with ACD (rather than with RDTND) for effective actin cytoskeleton collapse via the suppression of Rac1-mediated inflammatory responses to cytoskeletal damage, which promotes a non-inflammatory diarrheal disease (i.e., cholera)13. This evidence concerns the gene ACD and vibrio infectious disease.